In the pharmaceutical industry, Ciprofloxacin 250 mg is a broad-spectrum second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. As a pharmacist, I classify it as a “workhorse” antibiotic due to its exceptional tissue penetration and high efficacy against Gram-negative pathogens, particularly Enterobacteriaceae.

Primary Clinical Uses

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Often used for both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, including cystitis and pyelonephritis.

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Effective against acute sinusitis and certain types of pneumonia, especially those involving Gram-negative bacteria.

• Gastrointestinal Infections: A frontline treatment for “traveler’s diarrhea” (caused by E. coli), typhoid fever (Salmonella Typhi), and shigellosis.

• Skin and Bone Infections: Used for osteomyelitis and skin structure infections caused by susceptible organisms.

• Anthrax Prophylaxis: Specifically indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax.

Mechanism of Action

Ciprofloxacin acts by inhibiting the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II) and Topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for the replication, transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA.

By interfering with these processes, Ciprofloxacin causes double-stranded breaks in the bacterial DNA, leading to rapid cell death. It is a bactericidal antibiotic, meaning it kills the bacteria rather than just inhibiting their growth.

The Manufacturer’s Perspective: Formulation & Export

From a manufacturing and global trade standpoint, Ciprofloxacin is a staple of any anti-infective portfolio:

• Solubility and Bioavailability: Ciprofloxacin HCl is highly soluble. As a WHO-GMP manufacturer, we focus on optimized disintegration times to ensure rapid absorption, typically reaching peak plasma concentrations within 1–2 hours.

• Taste Masking: The API is intensely bitter. We utilize advanced film-coating technology to ensure the 250 mg tablets are palatable and easy to swallow, which is critical for patient compliance.

• Packaging for Stability: Ciprofloxacin can be sensitive to light. We use PVC/PVDC or Alu-Alu blister packaging to ensure a 36-month shelf life, especially for export to Zone IVb climates (Africa, SE Asia).

• B2B and Tender Volume: Because it is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, it is a high-volume item for international health tenders. Our Mumbai-based facility provides full CTD/eCTD Dossier support for registration across global markets.